Vaping has become quite the go-to choice in recent years, both as a lifestyle option and as a way to step away from traditional smoking. Originally, vaping was introduced to help people move away from the harmful effects of tobacco, and it's taken off quickly as a preferred alternative. Instead of lighting up and inhaling smoke—along with all the harmful chemicals in cigarettes—vaping is about inhaling vapour produced from e-liquids. These e-liquids usually contain nicotine but without the tar and most of the toxic substances found in cigarettes. In the UK, vaping is now a part of everyday life for many, with a huge range of flavours, devices, and styles that cater to all sorts of preferences.
Purpose of the Guide
This guide is designed to be a one-stop resource for anyone curious about vaping—whether you're just starting or looking to deepen your understanding. We’ll cover the essentials, from the different types of devices and e-liquids to vaping techniques, safety tips, and regulations that are specific to the UK. By the end, you’ll have a solid foundation to make well-informed decisions, get the most out of your vaping experience, and stay in line with health and legal standards.
Understanding Vaping
What is Vaping?
So, what exactly is vaping? Essentially, it’s the act of inhaling vapour that’s produced by an electronic device, often called a vape or e-cigarette. This vapour comes from heating a liquid (known as e-liquid or vape juice), which generally includes nicotine, flavourings, and base ingredients like propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG). Unlike smoking, where you’re burning tobacco, vaping only heats the liquid, reducing the harmful by-products like tar and carcinogens. For those switching from smoking, vaping offers a similar sensation but with significantly reduced health risks—and you can customise it to suit your preferences, too.
History of Vaping
Although the idea of vaping has floated around for decades, it wasn’t until the early 2000s that it truly became mainstream. The modern e-cigarette was developed by Hon Lik, a Chinese pharmacist, in 2003 as a way to help people quit smoking. Since then, the technology has come a long way, introducing a variety of devices with different features. Vaping entered the UK market in the late 2000s and has steadily grown, especially as public health organisations have started recognising it as a less harmful alternative to smoking. Today, the UK has one of the largest vaping markets in the world, offering countless products for every taste.
Benefits of Vaping Over Smoking
Many people are drawn to vaping because it offers several advantages over traditional smoking:
- Health Benefits: While not entirely risk-free, vaping is generally seen as much safer than smoking due to the lack of combustion. Many users notice improvements in their breathing and reduced smoker’s cough after making the switch.
- Cost Savings: Let’s face it—cigarettes are pricey, especially in the UK. With vaping, you only need a device and occasional e-liquid refills, which are considerably more affordable than regular cigarette purchases.
- Reduced Odour: Unlike cigarette smoke, which clings to clothes and lingers in the air, vapour dissipates quickly, leaving only a faint, often pleasant scent depending on your e-liquid flavour.
- Customisable Experience: Vaping lets you choose your nicotine strength, flavour, and device style, allowing you to tailor the experience to exactly how you like it.
Vaping Devices and Equipment
Types of Vaping Devices
There’s a lot of choice out there when it comes to vaping devices, each catering to different needs and experience levels. Here’s a quick guide to the main types:
- Cigalikes: These are the closest thing to traditional cigarettes, both in size and simplicity. They’re lightweight, easy to use, and usually come in disposable or replaceable cartridge models—perfect for beginners.
- Vape Pens: As the name suggests, these devices are shaped like a pen and are a step up from cigalikes. They have refillable tanks, so you can experiment with different e-liquids. Vape pens are ideal if you’re ready to move on from the basic cigalike.
- Pod Systems: Compact and user-friendly, pod systems are all about convenience. They use pods, which are either pre-filled or refillable, and deliver a smooth experience with minimal maintenance. They’re especially popular if you like nicotine salts for that smoother inhale.
- Box Mods: These are for the advanced users who like a bit of control. Box mods come with powerful batteries and adjustable settings, allowing you to tweak everything from wattage to airflow. They’re bulkier than other options but great if you want to customise your experience.
- Disposable Vapes: Simple and straightforward, disposable vapes come pre-filled and ready to use straight out of the box. While convenient, they’re single-use, which isn’t the best option if you’re aiming for eco-friendliness or saving money long-term.
Components of a Vape Device
Knowing the parts of your vape device can help you troubleshoot issues and keep everything in top shape:
- Battery: The battery powers the device and heats the coil. They come in both built-in and replaceable options, with larger ones lasting longer between charges.
- Atomizer/Coil: This is the heating element that turns e-liquid into vapour. Coils need replacing now and then because wear and tear can affect the flavour and vapour quality.
- Tank/Pod: This part holds the e-liquid and supplies it to the coil for vapourisation. Tanks are for more advanced devices, while pods are more compact for smaller systems.
- Mouthpiece: The bit you inhale from. Mouthpieces come in different designs, allowing for variations in comfort and experience.
Choosing the Right Device
Picking the right device depends on your experience level, lifestyle, and what you want to get out of vaping:
- Beginners: Cigalikes or pod systems are simple and easy to maintain, making them ideal if you’re just starting.
- Intermediate Users: Vape pens offer a nice balance between portability and customisation, perfect if you’re ready to explore more options.
- Advanced Users: Box mods give you the freedom to fine-tune your vaping experience, so if you’re comfortable with the basics and want to take it up a notch, this might be your pick.
Choose a device that aligns with what you need and enjoy, and you’ll be well on your way to a satisfying, safe vaping experience.
E-Liquids Explained
What is E-Liquid?
E-liquid, also called vape juice or e-juice, is what gets turned into vapour when you vape. It usually contains a mixture of base ingredients, flavourings, and sometimes nicotine. When the coil heats the e-liquid, it transforms into vapour that you can inhale. With countless flavours, nicotine strengths, and blends available, e-liquids allow you to personalise your vaping experience to suit your taste.
Ingredients of E-Liquids
Here’s a quick look at what’s inside most e-liquids:
- Propylene Glycol (PG): This is a thin, colourless liquid that carries flavour well and gives a stronger “throat hit.” PG is often favoured by those who want a sensation closer to smoking.
- Vegetable Glycerin (VG): A thicker liquid that enhances vapour production, creating denser clouds. VG also has a slight sweetness, making it a good option if you prefer a smoother inhale.
- Nicotine: Optional, but it’s commonly added for those who want to manage nicotine cravings. E-liquids come in various nicotine levels, so you can choose what’s right for you—from zero nicotine to higher strengths for former heavy smokers.
- Flavourings: E-liquids come in an array of flavours, from tobacco and menthol to fruity, dessert, and even drink-inspired options. These food-grade flavourings make vaping an enjoyable, personalised experience.
Understanding PG/VG Ratios
E-liquids are labelled with PG/VG ratios, which impact things like throat hit, flavour intensity, and the amount of vapour:
- High PG (e.g., 70/30 PG/VG): Known for a stronger throat hit and intense flavour but less vapour. High-PG liquids work best with lower-power devices like vape pens or pod systems.
- High VG (e.g., 30/70 PG/VG): Produces denser clouds and a smoother inhale, making it ideal for powerful devices used in direct-to-lung (DTL) vaping.
- Balanced Ratios (e.g., 50/50 PG/VG): Offers a mix of throat hit, flavour, and vapour, making it compatible with a wide range of devices—great for users who want versatility.
Nicotine Strengths and Types
Choosing the right nicotine strength and type can make or break your vaping experience, especially if you’re trying to switch from smoking:
- Freebase Nicotine: This is the traditional form of nicotine found in e-liquids. It gives a noticeable throat hit and is usually available in lower to medium strengths (3-18 mg/ml).
- Nicotine Salts: A newer type that delivers nicotine more smoothly, even at higher concentrations. Nicotine salts are a great option if you want less throat hit, with strengths up to 50 mg/ml in some regions—though lower strengths are standard in the UK.
Selecting the Right E-Liquid
With so many options, here’s how to narrow it down:
- Flavour: Trying different flavours can add a lot of fun to vaping. New vapers might like familiar options like tobacco or menthol, while more experienced users often enjoy experimenting with dessert or fruit blends.
- Nicotine Strength: If you’re a former heavy smoker, you may benefit from a higher nicotine level initially. Light smokers or non-smokers can go for lower strengths or even nicotine-free e-liquids.
- PG/VG Ratio: Pick a ratio based on the throat hit, vapour production, and device compatibility you’re after. High-VG liquids work better in advanced devices, while high-PG or balanced ratios are ideal for simpler systems.
Vaping Techniques and Styles
Mouth-to-Lung (MTL) Vaping
Mouth-to-lung (MTL) vaping is when you pull the vapour into your mouth first before inhaling it into your lungs. This style is quite similar to how most people smoke cigarettes and gives a stronger throat hit with a more intense flavour. MTL is a favourite among ex-smokers as it provides a familiar sensation. It also pairs well with higher nicotine e-liquids and devices with a tighter airflow, like pod systems or smaller vape pens, which makes it an ideal choice if you’re just transitioning from smoking.
Direct-to-Lung (DTL) Vaping
Direct-to-lung (DTL) vaping, on the other hand, is more like taking a deep breath, where the vapour goes straight to your lungs without hanging out in your mouth first. This technique produces big clouds and offers a fuller inhale, which is perfect if you enjoy an immersive vaping experience. DTL works best with high-VG e-liquids and devices that allow for greater airflow, like box mods and sub-ohm tanks. Because of the intense inhale, most DTL vapers opt for lower nicotine levels to keep things smooth.
Restricted Direct-to-Lung (RDL) Vaping
Restricted direct-to-lung (RDL) vaping is a middle ground between MTL and DTL. It offers a balanced amount of vapour with a slight throat hit, which many find just right—not too intense but still satisfying. RDL can work with medium-VG e-liquids and devices with adjustable airflow, allowing you to adjust your experience depending on the mood or setting.
Choosing Your Vaping Style
Ultimately, your vaping style depends on what feels comfortable and enjoyable for you:
- Newcomers: MTL is often a good place to start, especially if you’re transitioning from cigarettes since it’s a familiar sensation.
- Cloud Lovers: DTL is ideal if you’re into big vapour clouds and a more intense inhale. You’ll want a more powerful device for this.
- Balanced Experience: If you’re after something in between, RDL gives you the best of both worlds. It works with a variety of devices and is very versatile.
Learning these techniques can help you find what suits you best, enhancing your overall vaping enjoyment.
Vaping Safety and Maintenance
Battery Safety
Batteries are essential to vaping, but they require proper care to stay safe. Here are some top tips for handling your vape’s battery:
- Charging Safely: Use the charger that comes with your device or a recommended one. Avoid charging overnight or leaving it unattended to prevent overheating.
- Avoiding Overheating: Keep batteries out of direct sunlight and away from high temperatures. Store them in a cool, dry place to avoid potential hazards.
- Transporting Batteries: When carrying spare batteries, use a protective case to avoid accidental contact with metal objects (like keys or coins) that can cause a short circuit.
- Replacing Batteries: Regularly check your batteries for wear or damage, such as dents or tears. If you notice anything off, replace them to keep things running smoothly and safely.
Device Maintenance
Keeping your device in good shape can make a big difference in both performance and longevity:
- Cleaning: Make a habit of cleaning the tank, coil, and mouthpiece to keep the flavour fresh and vapour production consistent. You can rinse the tank with warm water or wipe it down with a cloth to remove any build-up.
- Replacing Coils: Coils don’t last forever, and you’ll notice a difference when it’s time for a change. Aim to replace them every 1-2 weeks, or sooner if you’re getting a burnt taste or the flavour seems off.
- Checking for Leaks: If your device starts to leak, it might be because the tank is overfilled, or something isn’t screwed in tightly. Be sure to secure all parts properly and avoid filling the tank too much. Cleaning up any leaks right away helps prevent sticky residue.
Recognising and Troubleshooting Common Issues
Here’s how to handle some typical problems you might encounter:
- Leaking: Double-check that your coil is installed properly and that the tank isn’t overfilled. Keeping the device upright can also help reduce leaks.
- Dry Hits: A dry hit happens when there isn’t enough e-liquid on the coil, giving you a burnt taste. To prevent this, keep an eye on your e-liquid levels and prime new coils by adding a few drops of e-liquid before using them.
- Battery Issues: If your battery isn’t charging well, try using a different charger or outlet. If the problem continues, it might be time for a new battery or a device with a built-in battery.
Following these tips can keep your device running smoothly and help you get the most out of your vaping experience.
Vaping and Health
Public Health England’s Stance
In the UK, Public Health England (PHE) has been one of the leading health authorities to endorse vaping as a safer alternative to smoking. PHE estimates that vaping is about 95% less harmful than smoking because it doesn’t involve combustion—the process that releases harmful toxins and carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Some NHS stop-smoking programmes even include vaping as an option for those who struggle with quitting using traditional methods. This strong support from PHE gives reassurance to those considering vaping as a safer step away from smoking.
Common Myths and Facts
There’s a lot of misinformation out there about vaping. Here are a few of the most common myths, along with the real facts:
- Myth: Vaping is as harmful as smoking.
- Fact: Unlike smoking, vaping doesn’t involve inhaling tar or numerous toxic chemicals. Research indicates that while it’s not entirely risk-free, it’s considerably less harmful than smoking.
- Myth: Vaping causes “popcorn lung.”
- Fact: The worry about “popcorn lung” comes from diacetyl, a chemical once used in some e-liquids. However, diacetyl is now banned in UK-regulated e-liquids, so legally sold vape products don’t contain it.
- Myth: E-cigarettes don’t help people quit smoking.
- Fact: Studies show that vaping can be an effective aid for those who want to quit. Many people find vaping helps satisfy nicotine cravings and the familiar hand-to-mouth action, making it easier to gradually reduce or quit smoking altogether.
Potential Side Effects
While vaping is generally considered less harmful than smoking, some users may experience mild side effects, especially when they’re new to it. These tend to subside as your body adjusts, but here’s a quick guide on what to expect:
- Dry Mouth and Throat: Some ingredients, like propylene glycol, can cause dryness, so remember to stay hydrated.
- Coughing: New vapers might cough at first. Choosing a lower nicotine strength or a higher VG e-liquid can help make things smoother.
- Mouth Ulcers: Occasionally, new vapers may get mouth ulcers, which usually heal on their own. Adjusting the PG/VG ratio or trying a milder e-liquid might help.
- Nicotine Dependence: If you’re using e-liquids with nicotine, there’s a chance you could become dependent. Gradually reducing the nicotine level over time can help with this.
Being aware of these health-related aspects can help you make informed choices and manage any mild side effects, making for a safer and more comfortable experience.
Vaping Regulations in the UK
Legal Age and Purchasing
In the UK, the law is quite clear: you must be at least 18 to buy vaping products, whether that’s e-cigarettes or e-liquids. This age restriction is similar to the rules around tobacco sales, and it’s there to keep vaping products out of the hands of younger individuals. Retailers are required to check the age of buyers, and even online sellers need to have reliable age-verification systems in place. These legal measures help reduce the risk of early nicotine exposure for underage individuals.
Advertising and Packaging Regulations
Advertising for vaping products is tightly controlled in the UK. To avoid promoting vaping to young people, ads for nicotine-containing e-cigarettes are banned on TV, radio, and social media. When it comes to packaging, all vape products must display health warnings, like “This product contains nicotine which is a highly addictive substance.” There are also rules around the concentration and volume of nicotine in e-liquids to ensure safety and standardisation across the market.
Public Vaping Policies
Public vaping rules vary depending on where you are. There’s no nationwide law banning indoor vaping, but many businesses, transport providers, and local councils have their own policies. For example, most train companies, airlines, and large retailers don’t allow vaping on their premises. It’s always a good idea to check the local policies or look for signage before vaping in public places, and of course, be considerate of others around you.
Vaping Etiquette
Consideration in Public Spaces
While vaping is often less intrusive than smoking, it’s still important to be mindful of others, especially in public areas. Even though vapour disperses faster than smoke, some people might still find it bothersome or could have allergies to certain e-liquids. Before vaping in a public space, think about whether it’s allowed and whether it might affect those nearby. In crowded spots or enclosed spaces like public transport or queues, it’s best to wait until you’re in a more open area.
Workplace Vaping
Most workplaces have set policies on vaping, with many treating it the same as smoking. The safest bet is to check with your employer before vaping on company grounds. Many workplaces have designated outdoor areas for vaping, which are often the same areas used by smokers. If there’s no formal policy, it’s always considerate to ask your colleagues if they’re okay with you vaping nearby, particularly in shared spaces or communal areas.
Social Settings
When it comes to social events, it’s polite to check with others around you before vaping, especially indoors or at private gatherings. If you’re in someone else’s home, ask the host for permission first. Outdoors, like at a park or festival, vaping is generally more acceptable, but still, be mindful of families with children nearby, and avoid blowing big clouds of vapour directly towards others. Practising respectful vaping habits helps build a positive image of the vaping community and ensures that everyone feels comfortable.
Transitioning from Smoking to Vaping
Benefits of Switching
For smokers, making the switch to vaping brings several benefits for health, finances, and lifestyle:
- Health Improvements: Vaping skips many of the harmful substances found in cigarette smoke, like tar and carbon monoxide. Many people notice improvements in breathing, taste, and overall health after they switch. While vaping isn’t completely risk-free, it’s generally viewed as a much less harmful option compared to smoking.
- Cost Savings: Let’s face it, smoking is an expensive habit, especially in the UK. Vaping, on the other hand, can be a lot more affordable. Once you have a reusable device, the ongoing costs for e-liquids and coil replacements are relatively low compared to regularly buying cigarettes.
- Lifestyle Changes: Vaping is often seen as more socially acceptable than smoking because it doesn’t leave that lingering smoke smell. With the variety of flavours and nicotine levels available, many ex-smokers find vaping satisfies both their nicotine cravings and the familiar hand-to-mouth action that smoking involves.
Tips for a Smooth Transition
Switching from smoking to vaping can take a bit of adjustment, so here are some tips to make it easier:
- Start with the Right Nicotine Strength: Choosing an e-liquid with the right nicotine level is key to managing cravings. If you were a heavy smoker, you might want to start with a higher strength and gradually lower it over time.
- Choose Familiar Flavours: Many new vapers find it helpful to start with tobacco or menthol flavours, as they’re similar to the taste of cigarettes. Once you’re used to vaping, you can explore other flavour options to keep things interesting.
- Experiment with Different Devices: Not every device will suit everyone, so it’s worth trying different types—like pod systems or vape pens—until you find one that feels right and effectively satisfies your cravings.
- Set Clear Goals: Whether you’re aiming to quit nicotine entirely or see vaping as a long-term alternative to smoking, having a goal can help keep you motivated and guide you in choosing the right nicotine levels.
Advanced Vaping Topics
Sub-Ohm Vaping
Sub-ohm vaping is all about creating those big, thick clouds of vapour. It uses coils with a resistance below one ohm, which allows more power to flow to the coil, producing larger vapour clouds. This style is popular with “cloud chasers” who enjoy seeing those huge, dense clouds and prefer the smoother, milder throat hit that comes with it. Sub-ohm vaping works best with high-VG e-liquids to produce those thick clouds and smooth inhales. It generally requires advanced devices with adjustable wattage or voltage settings, so it’s best suited for experienced vapers who know their way around vaping equipment.
Temperature Control Vaping
Temperature control (TC) vaping lets you set a specific temperature for your coil, which can make vaping smoother and more consistent. In TC mode, your device automatically adjusts the power to keep the coil at the set temperature. This not only helps prevent “dry hits” (the unpleasant burnt taste when there’s not enough e-liquid on the coil) but can also extend the lifespan of your coils. To use TC mode, you’ll need a compatible device and specific coils made from materials like stainless steel, titanium, or nickel that work with temperature control.
DIY E-Liquid Mixing
For those who love experimenting, DIY e-liquid mixing is a way to customise your own flavours, nicotine strengths, and PG/VG ratios. While it’s a fun and cost-effective approach, it requires some knowledge and the right tools. Beginners should start with small batches and follow safety guidelines for handling nicotine and storing ingredients. DIY mixing can offer a personalised experience, but it’s best to learn the basics and take it slow until you’re confident in the process.
Rebuildable Atomizers (RBAs)
Rebuildable atomizers (RBAs) are vaping devices that allow you to build and install your own coils, giving you a highly customisable experience. There are a few types of RBAs:
- Rebuildable Dripping Atomizers (RDAs): With RDAs, you need to drip e-liquid directly onto the coils and wicks. This option is great if you like switching flavours frequently.
- Rebuildable Tank Atomizers (RTAs): RTAs come with a tank that holds more e-liquid, offering the convenience of a larger capacity while still allowing custom coil builds.
RBAs let you experiment with different coil materials, resistance levels, and wicking methods. However, they require a fair bit of knowledge and careful handling, so they’re best suited for advanced users looking for full control over their vaping setup.
Most Commonly Asked Vaping Questions
Is Vaping Safe?
Vaping is widely considered a safer alternative to smoking since it avoids the combustion process, which releases tar and harmful toxins. Public Health England estimates that vaping is roughly 95% less harmful than smoking. That said, vaping products are for adult use, and if you don’t smoke, it’s best not to start vaping either.
How Do I Clean My Vape Device?
To clean your vape, start by taking apart the device. Remove the tank and coil, rinse the tank with warm water, and let it air dry. For a deeper clean, you can use a few drops of mild dish soap or non-alcoholic vinegar, then rinse thoroughly. Coils should be replaced regularly since they collect residue over time, which affects the flavour.
What is the Best Nicotine Strength for Me?
Choosing the right nicotine strength depends on your previous smoking habits:
- Light Smokers or Beginners: Try lower strengths (3-6 mg).
- Moderate Smokers: Mid-range strengths (6-12 mg) might be a good fit.
- Heavy Smokers: Higher strengths (12-18 mg or more) can effectively curb cravings. Nicotine salts are also an option for a smoother experience, especially at higher concentrations.
Can I Vape Indoors?
Whether you can vape indoors depends on the policies of each location. In the UK, there’s no national law against indoor vaping, but many places, including workplaces, pubs, and restaurants, may have their own restrictions. Always check venue policies or respect signs about indoor vaping.
How Long Does a Vape Coil Last?
The lifespan of a coil varies depending on usage, the type of e-liquid, and your vaping style, but it typically lasts 1-2 weeks. E-liquids that are high in sugar or VG content may shorten coil life. Signs it’s time to replace the coil include a burnt taste, reduced vapour, or a noticeable change in flavour.
Why Does My Vape Leak?
Leaks can happen for several reasons, like overfilling the tank, loose components, or a worn-out coil. Ensure all parts are secured properly, and avoid overfilling. Regular coil replacement can also help prevent leaks. If you’re still having issues, consult the user manual for specific troubleshooting advice.
Is There an Ideal PG/VG Ratio for Me?
The ideal PG/VG ratio depends on your vaping style:
- High-PG Liquids: These provide a stronger throat hit and intense flavour, making them popular for people who want a cigarette-like experience.
- High-VG Liquids: These create thicker vapour clouds and a smoother inhale, best suited for direct-to-lung (DTL) vaping.
- 50/50 Blends: A balanced option, great for users looking for a mix of throat hit, flavour, and vapour that works with a variety of devices and styles.
Can Vaping Help Me Quit Smoking?
Many people have successfully used vaping to reduce or quit smoking. Vaping delivers nicotine and replicates the hand-to-mouth action of smoking, which can make the transition easier. While it’s not strictly a cessation tool, plenty of ex-smokers have found it helpful in cutting down or giving up cigarettes altogether.
What is “Throat Hit” in Vaping?
“Throat hit” describes the sensation in your throat when inhaling certain e-liquids, especially those with higher PG content or nicotine concentrations. It’s a similar feeling to smoking and is something that appeals to many ex-smokers. You can experiment with different PG/VG ratios and nicotine levels to find the throat hit that suits you best.